literature review+things I need hep finding

"earthquake engineering "

Title: Interaction of Shallow Foundations with Reverse Faults. Source: Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering [1090-0241] Ahmed,, Waqas yr:2009 vol:135 iss:7 pg:914
Title: Discussion: Earthquake Fault Rupture Propagation through Soil. Source: Journal of geotechnical engineering [0733-9410] Ghaly,, Ashraf M. yr:1996 vol:122 iss:1 pg:79
The process for accurately predicting the Liquefaction effects on “young alluvial soils towards a free face at creek channels” produced by earthquakes is not possible at this time (Chu 3). For example, in a peer-reviewed study done in 2006 of the near-fault region affected by the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake, “the models generally overestimate the observed ground displacements” (Chu 3).
Chu, Daniel B., et al. "Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading in Near-Fault Regions during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake." Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering 132.12 (2006): 1549-1565. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 14 Feb. 2010.

The Quaternary period is the name for the time in which we live. It spans the two most recent geologic epochs, the Pleistocene and the Holocene. The beginning of the Holocene was about 11,500 years ago, and the beginning of the Pleistocene was about 1,806,000 years ago. Faults that have ruptured in Holocene time (the last 11,500 years) are considered the most active and dangerous faults. During most earthquakes, fault motion stays below the Earth's surface, but in large earthquakes, fault motion may break through to the surface, offsetting rocks and sediments, as well as anything built on the fault, as much as ten feet or more.
Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries, as the plates grind against each other to drive faults and generate earthquakes. California is cut by one such plate boundary, between the Pacific and North American plates, at the San Andreas Fault system.
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/quaternary/about.html
25-45 foot waves Cascadia event http://www.wsspc.org/Awards/2010/Humboldt_LOF_sample_presentation_slides.pdf
If u are in an un mapped tsunami zone make sure u are 100 feet above sea level in case an earthquake happens


Add to map Dam Failure Inundation zones


How Was the Map of Quaternary-Active Faults Made?
http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/quaternary/stories/map_made.html
This map was produced as a collaborative effort of the USGS, California Geological Survey, and geologists in the academic and private sectors, using a variety of mapping techniques, including LIDAR, interpretation of aerial photographs, and on-the-ground mapping of faults.
The map was compiled from three sources. The first was detailed new mapping of faults throughout the region. These contributions are listed below:
• Compressional faults, northeastern San Francisco Bay region—J. Unruh, William Lettis & Associates
• Concord-Green Valley Faults—B. Bryant and C. Wills, CGS
• Faults in Santa Cruz and northern Monterey County—L. Rosenberg, Tierra Geosciences
• Foothills Thrust System, Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties—D. Kennedy, Sanders & Associates
• Hayward Fault—J.J. Lienkaemper, USGS
• Northern and Peninsula segments of the San Andreas Fault—C. Prentice, USGS
• Northern Calaveras Fault—K. Kelson, William Lettis & Associates
• Rodgers Creek Fault—S. Hecker, USGS, and C. Randolph-Loar, Lachel Felice & Associates
• West Napa Fault—K. Hanson, Geomatrix (www.geomatrix.com), and J. Wesling, William Lettis & Associates
The second source was the map of Quaternary-active faults of California, prepared by B. Bryant, CGS, for the National Quaternary Fault Map Database. (I think I need this, I think the other map is just about just below ferndale)
The third source was the geologic map of the San Francisco Bay region.

good maps of ca quartnary faults

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/qfaults/google.php

Earthquake Enginneering

http://www.wsspc.org/Awards/2010/Humboldt_LOF_sample_presentation_slides.pdf
If home scores six or more points — have engineer,
architect, or contractor conduct evaluation for weaknesses
& complete threat analysis
• work on hazard mitigation
Soft story
• bolt the foundations because house will probably fall off foundations if not bolted
Unreinforced masonry
Inadequate foundation
Unbraced cripple walls
• foundation
• additions or modifications
• unreinforced masonry
• cripple walls
• vulnerable pipes
• large open ground floor space
• unbraced openings in lower story walls
• adequate design for hillside house
If you have a brick chimney —
• install plywood above ceiling framing
• retrofitted masonry chimneys
 bracing or strapping not effective
• don’t locate children’s playground
equipment near chimney

• avoid rental units —
 made of unreinforced masonry
 with “tuck‐under” parking spaces
• ask your landlord these questions:
 what retrofitting has been done to building?
 has water heater been strapped to wall studs?
 may I secure bookshelves and tall furniture to
wall studs?

How tall is your home?
Best split level, on a hillside or gentle slope 6 points
2nd best two or more stories with living area above garage 5 points
3rd best one story, three or more steps up to front door 4 points

Mobile homes:
• if only concrete blocks, or steel tripods or jacks
supporting home, you need either
“Engineered Tie‐Down System” “Earthquake‐Resistant Bracing System”

possible sources

http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/humboldt/Documents/Tsunami_Inundation_Eureka_Quad_Humboldt.pdf
http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Inundation_Maps/Humboldt/Pages/Humboldt.aspx: Humboldt County Tsunami Inundation Maps

http://nthmp-history.pmel.noaa.gov/senatec.pdf pg 5 map other factors to consider

Maximum height reported for these waves were 70 meters in Valdez Arm. 1964 Alaska tsunami
http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/quakes/Alaska_1964_earthquake.html
http://www.geophys.washington.edu/tsunami/general/historic/chilean60.html 1960 Chilean Tsunami
A Pacific-wide tsunami was triggered by the earthquake, which had a surface-wave magnitude of 8.6, an epicenter of 39.5° S, 74.5° W, and a focal depth of 33 km.
A city along the western coast of the United States which received notable run-up was Crescent City, California, where the run-up reached 1.7 m



Time measurement in meter
http://www.geophys.washington.edu/tsunami/specialized/events/mindoro/images/fig19.jpg

Geologic info
http://geology.about.com/library/bl/maps/n_statemap_CA1250.htm: Geologic Map of California (1250x1600) detailed enough?
http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/information/publications/ms/Documents/MS057.pdf: Probably not detailed enough
http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/ngm-bin/ILView.pl?sid=488_1.sid&vtype=b&sfact=1.5 Probably not detailed enough
http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/ngm-bin/ILView.pl?sid=488_1.sid&vtype=b Probably not detailed enough
The Coast Ranges are
composed of thick Mesozoic and
Cenozoic sedimentary strata